The present review paper provides an in-depth analysis of FBG sensors, including their fundamental operating principles, fabrication techniques, types, extensive applications, challenges as of now, and future prospects. Fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs) are widely used in optical sensing and communication systems. Femtosecond laser inscription (FLI) enables hydrogen-free, thermally stable, high-resolution, and complex structures of FBG fabrication, but its practical application is limited by manual operation, low. In the vast realm of optical fiber sensing, where precision and innovation converge, Fiber Bragg Gratings (FBGs) stand as luminaries, casting their influence across myriad applications. (b) The predicted reflectance spectrum for a random point in the database, with only the top two-thirds.
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